Bojanala jwa lefatshe la Botswana
Dingwe tsa konokono tse di ngokang bajanala mo Botswana ke mafelo a tlhokomelo diphologo, go tsoma le go kapa ditshwantsho le gone go le teng. Tse dingwe tse di ngokang bojanala di akaretsa lefelo la Okavango Delta [1] le le elelang ka metsi segolo jang ka nako ya dipula, ditlhaketlhake le matsha.[2] Lephata la Bojanala le thusitse mo tlhabololong ya itsholelo ya Botswana mo go le ntsheng mo go ikaegeng mo ditsa tlholego tse di tshwanan le diteemane le nama ya kgomo, mme e ne ya re ka ngwaga wa 2005 la dira ditiro di le dikete di le masome a mabedi le boraro.[3]
Tlhabologo ya lephata la bojanala
[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]Lephata la bojanala mo Botswana le simolotse go tlhabologa ka dingwaga tsa 1990.[4] Borwa jwa Aforeika bo ne jwa itemogela go ritibala ga sepolotiki morago ga go tla bokhutlong ga tlhaolelele le go bulelwa ga ga Nelson Mandela kwa toronkong ka ngwaga wa 1990. Tlhabologo ya dipalamo le maranyane a puisano e ne ya dira gore bojanala mo Botswana bo kgone go gola.[4] Ka ngwaga wa 1990, Botswana o ne a dira melao ya bojanala e e neng e ikaelela go oketsa dipalo tsa bajanala, dipoelo tsa puso, le go tlhama ditiro. Molao o ne wa itebaganya le go kgatlha bajanala ba tlhwatlhwa go tswa mafatshefatsheng a tshwana le bo Europa, North America, Australia le New Zealand go oketsa dipoelo. Fa ditiro tse di tlhamilweng di ne tsa oketsega mo lephateng la bojanala,[4] ditiro tsa maemo a a ko godimo tse di duelang botoka di ne tsa beelwa fa thoko batswakwa.
Ka fa e amileng setshaba le tikologo ka teng
[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]Lefatshe la Botswana le ikaegile ka ditsa tlholego go itshidisa le bojanala.[5] Tlhaelo le bokoa jwa ditsa tlholego tsa lefatshe di ama thata matshelo a selegae,kwa go dirisiwang metsi le dikgwa.[5] Letsha la Okavango ke lengwe la mafelo a a itsegeng thata a bojanala ebile e le lengwe la matsha a magolo mo lefatsheng.[4] Ka le etelwa thata ke bajanala, selo se se bakile kgolo le tlhabologo ya dikago, didirisiwa, le ditirelo mo kgaolong eo go akaretsa dibanka,dihotele, le maemelo a difofane.Le fa go ntsee jalo, batho ba metse e e koo jaka Khwai,Mababe le Sankoyo kwa Okavango ba ngongoregela kiletso ya go dirisa ditsa tlholego kwa Moremi Game Reserve ka ba fekeediwa ke bajanala ba mafatshefatshe le dikompone tse di tswang kwa ntle.[4] Didirisiwa tsa bojanala mo Botswana di dirisiwa thata ke batswakwa ka jalo ga di dire poelo e ntsi mo mafelong a a gaufi le tsone.
Le fa bontsi jwa tse di kgatlhisang di ikaegile ka ditsa tlholego tsa lefatshe, lephata la bojanala le baya dilo tse mo kotsing. Go tla ka bonsti mo mafelong a bojanala go kgona go kgoreletsa diphologo mme mo go bake gore di fudugele kwa mafelong a mangwe a a ka tswang a sa di siamela. Matlakala a tlogelwang ke bajanala a kgona go fetola seemo sa mmu mme a tsise ditshidinyana tse di borai mo kgaolong eo. Dilo tse dingwe tse di dirwang ke bajanala jaaka go pagama mekoro e e bofefo go kgona go kgoreletsa diphologolo tsa mo metsing, fa go tsaya diphologolo le dinonyane dinepe gone go fetola boitshwaro jwa ditshedi dingwe jaaka ka fa di jang ka teng le ka fa di gwelang ka teng.[6]
Lefatshe la Botswana le lekeleditse mefuta e e farologaneng ya go somarela ditsa tlholego, se se akaretsa tlhokomelo ya diphologo ke batho ba motse (Community based natural resource amanagement) e e ikaegileng ka go akanyetsa gore beng motse ba na le maikarabelo a go dirisa ditsa tlholego sentle fa ba nnang teng go na le go laolwa ke puso. Le fa go ntse jalo, tlhaelo ya didirisiwa le kitso mo magaeng e bakile gore ba ikaege ka thuso ya ba mafatshefatshe go bona maduo a go oketsa dipoelo le katlego mo go somareleng ditsa tlholego.[7]
Go atolosa bojanala jwa setso mo Botswana go na le bokgoni jwa go fokotsa tshologelo ya bajanala kwa mafelong mangwe mme gape go lekalekanngwa tlhabololo ya bojanala ka go dira ditshono tse beng gae ba ka tsayang karolo mo istholelong ya bojanala.[8]Bojanala jwa setso bo dira ditshono tsa gore bajanala ba kgone go ithuta ka botaki,boswa le dingwao tsa batho ba kgaolo eo. Bangwe ba tlhalosa fa se se ka godisa itsholelo ya batho, ga tlhama ditiro le go tlhabolola dikago.[8] Bojanala jwa magae bo itebagantse gape le go supa botshelo jwa mo gae le dilo tsa Setswana tse di dirilweng ka diatla, se se tla berekela bomme ka dinako tse dintsi ba kgapelwa thoko mo dipoelong tsa bojanala.[9] Dipoelo tsa bojanala jwa magae di tlhama di tshono tsa go ruta bomme ditiro tsa diatla le bogwebi. Go nna le ditiro mo metseng ya bone go letla bomme go dira ditiro tsa bone tsa lolwapa mme gape ba itirela madi a bone.[9]
Mafelo a a Kgatlhang Baeti
[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]Mafelo a Boitapoloso
[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]Lefelo la diphologolo la Central Kalahari
[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]Central Kalahari ke lefelo le letona la diphologolo mo sekakeng sa Kalahari mo Botswana. Ka ngwaga wa 1961 le ne la simolodisiwa le na le bophara jwa sekgele sa dikete tse di masome a matlhano bobedi le makgolo a robabobedi (52,800 km) le go dira go nna lefelo la bobedi le letona mo lobopong lotlhe.[10] Go na le diphologolo tsa naga jaaka dithutlwa, manyau,nkwe,ntsha tsa naga, mangau, ditau le tse dingwe fela jalo.
Lefelo la Boitapoloso la Chobe National
[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]Chobe National e e mo bokone bophirima jwa Botswana, e na le diphologolo tse di dintsi thata mo Aferika. Ke lefelo la boraro la boitapoloso le letona mo lefatsheng morago ga la Central Kalahari Game Reserve le Gemsbok,ke lone le le nang le dilo ka go farologana. Ke lefelo la ntlha la boitapoloso mo lefatsheng.
Lefelo la Boiketlo la Kgalagadi Transfrontier
[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]Kgalagadi Transfrontier ke lefelo le letona mo Aferika yo o mo Borwa le go tlhokomelwang diphologolo tsa naga teng. Lefelo le, le fa gare ga lefatshe la Aferika Borwa le la Botswana, gona le la Kalahari Gemsbok le le mo Afericka borwa, le la Gemsbok le le mo Botswana. Bophara ba lefelo le bo dikete tse di masome a mararo le boferabobedi (38000). Bontsi ba lefatshe bo mo Botswana go na le Aferika Borwa.
Tshedimosetso ya Bajanala
[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]Molao motheo wa puso ya Botswana mo go tlhokomeleng tsa bojanala o ne wa dirwa e le leano la go rotloetsa bojanala le tshireletso mafelo a diphologolo tsa naga. Banni ba United States,Aferika Borwa, mafatshhe a selekane le a bophirima jwa Europe ga ba tlhoke visa fa ba eta malatsi a a kwa tlase ga masome a ferabongwe le bongwe. Go tlhokega pasa go tsaya leeto mo lefatsheng. Bajanala ba ba tswang kwa mafelong a a amegileng ba tshwanetse go rurifatsa fa ba tsere mekento ya letshololo le letshoroma le legolo.[2]
Ba mafatshe fatshe ba tsa mesepele le bojanala ba ne ba baya lefatshe la Botswana mo maemong a bo masome a ferabobedi le bosupa (87) mo go a le lekgolo le masome a mararo,morago ga dikgaisano tsa mesepele le bojanala tsa ngwaga wa 2008. l Dipalo tseo di ne tsa galaletsa thata bojanala mo Botswana, dikgwetlho tse di lebaneng bojanala jaaka ditlhaelo tsa maranyane, seemo sa bophepha se se sa itumediseng, ditsela le ditlhaeletsanyo di ne tsa baka go tlhoka go dira sentle.[3]
Dipalo
[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]Ka ngwaga wa 1999, matlo a borobalo a ne a le dikete tse pedi le lekgolo (2,100),malao a le dikete tse tharo makgolo a supa le masome a mabedi (3,720).Bajanala go tswa mo mafatsheng a Aferika mo ngwageng eo ba ne ba goroga mo Botswana ka dipalo di ka feta 720,000. Dipoelo tsa bojanala mo ngwageng wa 2000 di ne di le diketekete di le 313 (313 million). Ka ngwaga wa 2003, US Department of State e ne ya akanyetsa gore tlhwatlhwa ya go nna mo ntlong ya boitapoloso kwa Gaborone ke di dollara di le 129. Ditlhwatlwa mo mafelong a mangwe mo lefatsheng di kwa tlase ka didolara tsa America di le masome a matlhano.[2]. Lefatshe la Botswana ke lengwe la mafelo a babalesegileng go le etela mo Aforika.[11]Bontsi jwa baeng ba ba neng ba tsile go iphokisa phefo ka ngwaga wa 2014, ba ne ba tswa kwa mafatsheng a a latelang: [12]
| Maemo | Lefatshe | Nomoro |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Aforika Borwa | 68,519 |
| 2 | Amerika | 38,522 |
| 3 | Geremane | 26,151 |
| 4 | Ga Mma Mosadinyana | 20,601 |
| 5 | Zimbabwe | 18,285 |
| 6 | Australia | 13,822 |
| 7 | Netherlands | 8,909 |
| 8 | Japan | 8,857 |
| 9 | Fora | 7,992 |
| 10 | Canada | 7,255 |
| Dipalo tsotlhe | 274,701 | |
Metswedi
[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]- ↑ Ross,Karen.(1987)."Okavango, jewel of the Kalahari".BBC Books.London.ISBN 0-563-20545-8.OCLC 17978845.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Nations Encyclopedia
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Kajevu,Zeph.2008-04-08."Ranking worries BNPC".The Voice.allAfrica.com.Retrieved 2008-04-27
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Mbaiwa,Joseph E.(April 2005)."Enclave tourism and its socio-economic impacts in the Okavango Delta, Botswana".Tourism Management.26(2):157–172.doi 10.1016/j.tourman.2003.11.005.ISSN 0261-5177.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Buckley,Ralf C.October 2010."Sustainable Tourism in Southern Africa: Local Communities and Natural Resources in Transition".Annals of Tourism Research.37(4):1210–1212.doi 10.1016/j.annals.2010.07.012..hdl 10072/34433.ISSN 0160-7383.
- ↑ Moswete,Naomi;Mavondo,Felix T (2003)."Problems facing the tourism industry of Botswana".Botswana Notes and Records.35:69–77.ISSN 0525-5090.JSTOR 40980340.
- ↑ Mbaiwa,Joseph E.2014-10-31."Institutional Arrangements for Conservation, Development and Tourism in Eastern and Southern Africa".Springer Netherlands.pp 59–80.doi 10.1007/978-94-017-9529-6_4.ISBN 9789401795289
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Saarinen,Jarkko;Moswete,Naomi;Monare,Masego J.2014-12-01."Cultural tourism: new opportunities for diversifying the tourism industry in Botswana".Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series.26(26):7–18.doi 10.2478/bog-2014-0041.ISSN 2083-8298
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Moswete,Naomi;Lacey,Gary (2012)."'Women Cannot Lead': Empowering Women Through Cultural Tourism in Botswana".SSRN Working Paper Series.doi 10.2139/ssrn.2205354.ISSN 1556-5068.S2CID 153398421
- ↑ Central Kalahari Game Reserve - Attractions - Tourism of Botswana Tempolete:Webarchive
- ↑ "Travel Risk Index: Botswana".Archived from the original on 2013-02-18.Retrieved 2012-08-10.
- ↑ Archived from the original on 2016-08-07.